Timeline

**Timeline will be updated throughout the year.**

Later Middle Ages: 1300-1450

Hundred Years' War: 1337-1453

Fall of Byzantine Empire: 1453

Renaissance: 1300-1600 (first in Italy, then into Northern Europe)

"New Monarchs"/rise of modern states: late 15th century, 1st half of 16th century

Height of Hapsburg power: mid-16th century under Charles V

Commercial Revolution: c. 1500-c. 1700

"Old Imperialism": 16th and 17th centuries (in New World)

Reformation: 1517

Catholic Counter Revolution: 1545-1563 (Council of Trent)

Religious Wars:

Spanish Armada, 1588

French Civil Wars: 1562-1594

30 Years' War: 1618-1648; Treaty of Westphalia: 1648

Scientific Revolution: 16th & 17th centuries (Copernicus to Newton)

Agricultural Revolution: decades prior to 1750 (leads to population explosion)

"Golden Age of Spain": c. 1550-c. 1650

"Golden Age of the Netherlands": 17th century (1st half); Dutch wars w/England lead to decline

Age of Absolutism: c. 1650-1750: Louis XIV (1643-1715); Peter the Great (1682-1725); Frederick William "Great Elector" (1640-1688); Frederick William (1713-1740)

Baroque (art): 17th century

Constitutionalism in England: 17th century

English Civil War: 1642-1649

Glorious Revolution: 1688

Act of Union, 1707: Great Britain created

Enlightenment: 18th century

Enlightened despotism: c. 1750-c. 1800 (early 19th century for Napoleon)

Frederick the Great (1740-1786); Catherine the Great (1762-1796); Joseph II (1780-1790)

Absolutism in Eastern Europe (17th century-early 18th century): Rise of Prussia, Russia, and Austria; decline of Poland, Ottoman Empire, and Holy Roman Empire

 "Second 100 Years War" between Britain and France: 1689-1815: Balance of Power

War of the League of Augsburg: 1689-1697

War of Spanish Succession: 1702-1713, Treaty of Utrecht

War of Austrian Succession: 1740-1748, Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Seven Years' War: 1756-1763, Treaty of Paris

American Revolution: 1775-1783

French Revolution & Napoleonic Wars: 1792-1815, Congress of Vienna

French Revolution: 1789-1799

"Age of Montesquieu": National Assembly (1789-1791); Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)

"Age of Rousseau": National Convention (1792-1795); Directory (1795-1799)

Napoleonic Era ("Age of Voltaire"): 1799-1815 (Consul: 1799-1804); Empire: 1804-1815)

Congress of Vienna: 1815

Romanticism: 1780s-1850

Industrial Revolution: c. 1750-c. 1850 in England

Concert of Europe: 1815-1848, "Age of Metternich"

Realism: 1848-late 19th century

Second French Empire: 1852-1871; Third French Republic (1871-1940)

Age of Realpolitik: 1848-1871

Unification of Italy and Germany: 1871

2nd Industrial Revolution: late 19th century - steel, oil, electricity, chemicals

Age of Mass Politics: 1871-1914 and beyond

"New Imperialism": 1880s-1914

World War I: 1914-1918

Russian Revolution: 1917

Lenin: 1917-1924

Stalin: 1927-1953

Interwar Period ("Age of Anxiety"): 1919-1939 - rise of fascism and Great Depression

World War II: 1939-1945

Cold War: 1946-1991

de-Stalinization under Khrushchev: 1955-1964

conservatism and re-Stalinization under Brezhnev: 1964-1982

detente: 1972-1979

Gorbachev, glasnost and perestroika: 1985-1991

Revolutions of 1989 and fall of Soviet Union: 1991

Decolonization: 1945-1970s (India, China, Egypt, Vietnam, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia)

European Union/Treaty of Maastricht, 1991

Counterculture and student protests: 1960s

1970s: economic stagnation

1980s: resurgence of conservatism and the Atlantic Alliance, Thatcher, Kohl, Reagan

1990s: breakup of Yugoslavia, European Union

"Long 20th Century": 1871-1991

"Short 20th Century": 1914-1991